It has neuroprotective effects and has been shown in animal studies to prevent neurotoxic damage caused by alcohol, ammonia, lead and other substances. Taurine is a major antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species and protects organs, including the brain ( Oja & Saransaari, 2017), from oxidative stress. Taurine supplements are beneficial to epilepsy ( Oja & Saransaari, 2013), heart disease ( Wójcik, Koenig, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Costa, & Chen, 2010), cystic fibrosis ( “Taurine supplementation in cystic fibrosis,” 1988) and diabetes ( Caine & Geracioti, 2016). Taurine has a wide range of anti-inflammatory effect ( Park, Quinn, Wright, & Schuller-Levis, 1993). It is worth noticing that several factors such as taurine intake time, delivery mode and exercise program will affect the effect of taurine on exercise performance ( Kurtz, VanDusseldorp, Doyle, & Otis, 2021). Taurine has been used as a potential energy enhancer to improve exercise performance. Taurine has certain functions in cell development, nutrition and survival ( Ripps & Shen, 2012), the depletion of taurine leads to a wide range of pathological conditions, including severe cardiomyopathy ( Zulli, 2011), renal dysfunction ( Yamori et al., 2010), pancreatic β cell malfunction ( L'Amoreaux et al., 2010), and loss of retinal photoreceptors ( Schmidt, Berson, & Hayes, 1976). Taurine plays beneficial roles in a variety of metabolic and physiological processes, such as glucose and lipid regulation, energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory regulation and antioxidation ( Kim et al., 2012). Meat, especially seafood products, are rich in taurine ( Mendivil, 2021). Due to its good safety, taurine is widely used in functional drinks ( Jagim et al., 2022), infant formula ( Almeida et al., 2021) and other products. Taurine is widely distributed in various tissues and organs, especially in excitable tissues, where the content is more abundant, such as the brain, heart and skeletal muscle ( De Luca et al., 2015, Kp and Martin, 2022, Schuller-Levis and Park, 2003).As a naturally occurring amino acid, taurine has few side effects, and current studies have not found any genotoxic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects ( Ripps & Shen, 2012). Taurine is a sulfonate-containing beta-amino acid isolated from bovine bile ( Lourenço & Camilo, 2002). As a complex metabolic disease, researchers are always looking for new treatments that can effectively slow down the progression of diabetes while minimizing toxic side effects. Diabetes imposes a huge burden on the health care system while seriously affecting the overall life quality of patients ( Shi, Fonseca, & Childs, 2021). Diabetic foot syndrome is the leading cause of lower extremity amputations ( Papatheodorou, Banach, Bekiari, Rizzo, & Edmonds, 2018). Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The chronic complications of diabetes are roughly divided into two categories: microvascular and macrovascular, in which the incidence of microvascular is much higher than that of macrovascular. Diabetic complications are common in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), around 693 million adults will be affected by diabetes by 2045 ( Cho et al., 2018). Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world, of which type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia ( Maahs et al., 2010, Turner and La Gruta, 2022), Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease characterized by insulin resistance.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |